Electrical Sources

Independent Sources

Voltage Source (VS)

![[voltage-source.svg#invert]]

• ideal: maintains constant Voltage regardless of load
• real: can supply a finite Current
• model: ideal source in series with a Resistor

Current Source (CS)

![[current-source.svg#invert]]

• ideal: maintains constant Current regardless of load
• real: can supply a finite Voltage, known as output voltage compliance
• model: ideal source in parallel with Resistor

Dependent Sources

Voltage Controlled Voltage Source (VCVS)

![[voltage-controlled-voltage-source.svg#invert]]

Current Controlled Voltage Source (CCVS)

![[current-controlled-voltage-source.svg#invert]]

Voltage Controlled Current Source (VCCS)

![[voltage-controlled-current-source.svg#invert]]

Current Controlled Current Source (CCCS)

![[current-controlled-current-source.svg#invert]]